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Træfɪk

Traefik 与 Kubernetes Gateway API

使用 Kubernetes Gateway API 提供者时，Traefik 通过 Gateway API 的自定义资源定义（CRD）获取路由配置。 Gateway API 概念和资源的详细信息，请参阅官方文档。

Kubernetes Gateway API 提供者支持 v1.6.3 版本的规范。

它完整支持所有 HTTPRoute 核心功能和部分扩展功能，包括标准通道的 BackendTLSPolicy、GRPCRoute 和 TLSRoute 资源，以及实验通道的 TCPRoute。

更多信息请参阅一致性报告。

部署 Gateway

Gateway 是 Gateway API 规范的核心资源，用于定义流量进入 Kubernetes 集群的入口。 它关联到一个 GatewayClass，后者指定负责管理和处理流量的控制器，确保流量被发送到适当的 Kubernetes 后端服务。

GatewayClass 是集群级资源，通常由基础设施提供方定义。 下面的 GatewayClass 指定：附加到该类的网关必须由 Traefik 控制器管理。

---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: GatewayClass
metadata:
  name: traefik
spec:
  controllerName: traefik.io/gateway-controller

接下来的 Gateway 清单将运行中的 Traefik 控制器配置为处理传入流量。

监听器端口

请注意，Gateway 监听器端口必须与 Traefik 部署中配置的入口点端口一致。 如果不匹配，将记录一条 ERROR 日志，并相应更新资源状态。

---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: traefik
  namespace: default
spec:
  gatewayClassName: traefik

  # Only Routes from the same namespace are allowed.
  listeners:
    - name: http
      protocol: HTTP
      port: 80
      allowedRoutes:
        namespaces:
          from: Same 

    - name: https
      protocol: HTTPS
      port: 443
      tls:
        mode: Terminate
        certificateRefs:
          - name: secret-tls
            namespace: default

      allowedRoutes:
        namespaces:
          from: Same

    - name: tcp
      protocol: TCP
      port: 3000
      allowedRoutes:
        namespaces:
          from: Same

    - name: tls
      protocol: TLS
      port: 3443
      tls:
        mode: Terminate
        certificateRefs:
          - name: secret-tls
            namespace: default

      allowedRoutes:
        namespaces:
          from: Same
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: secret-tls
  namespace: default
type: kubernetes.io/tls
data:
  # Self-signed certificate for the whoami.localhost domain.
  tls.crt: |
    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

  tls.key: |
    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

多个 TLS 证书

Traefik 支持为每个 Gateway 监听器配置多个 Secret certificateRefs。 只要其中一张证书无效或无法加载，监听器就会被判定为无效，并在问题解决前无法提供流量服务。

例如，下面的 Gateway 监听器引用了两张不同的证书：

---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: multi-cert-gateway
  namespace: default
spec:
  gatewayClassName: traefik
  listeners:
    - name: https
      protocol: HTTPS
      port: 443
      tls:
        mode: Terminate
        certificateRefs:
          - name: example-com-tls
          - name: example-org-tls
      allowedRoutes:
        namespaces:
          from: Same

暴露路由

部署 Gateway 后（参阅部署 Gateway），还必须部署 HTTPRoute、TCPRoute 和/或 TLSRoute 资源，才能将流量转发到 Kubernetes 后端服务。

附加到 Gateway

如下例所示，路由资源必须配置 ParentRefs，引用希望关联的父级 Gateway。

HTTP/HTTPS

HTTPRoute 是 Gateway API 规范的核心资源，用于定义 HTTP 流量在 Kubernetes 集群内的路由方式。 它允许通过路由规则，将 HTTP 请求发送到适当的 Kubernetes 后端服务。

该资源和相关概念的详细信息，请参阅 Kubernetes Gateway API 文档。

例如，以下清单配置了 whoami 后端及对应的 HTTPRoute， 可以通过已部署的 Gateway，使用 http://whoami.localhost 地址访问。

---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: HTTPRoute
metadata:
  name: whoami-http
  namespace: default
spec:
  parentRefs:
    - name: traefik
      sectionName: http
      kind: Gateway

  hostnames:
    - whoami.localhost

  rules:
     - matches:
        - path:
            type: PathPrefix
            value: /

       backendRefs:
        - name: whoami
          namespace: default
          port: 80
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: whoami
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: whoami

  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: whoami
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: whoami
          image: traefik/whoami

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: whoami
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    app: whoami

  ports:
    - port: 80

为了通过 HTTPS 保护连接，并将非安全请求重定向到安全端点， 需要修改上述 HTTPRoute 清单，添加 RequestRedirect 过滤器， 再添加一个绑定到 https Listener、并将流量转发给 whoami 后端的新 HTTPRoute。

---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: HTTPRoute
metadata:
  name: whoami-http
  namespace: default
spec:
  parentRefs:
    - name: traefik
      sectionName: http
      kind: Gateway

  hostnames:
    - whoami.localhost

  rules:
    - filters:
        - type: RequestRedirect
          requestRedirect:
            scheme: https
---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: HTTPRoute
metadata:
  name: whoami-https
  namespace: default
spec:
  parentRefs:
    - name: traefik
      sectionName: https
      kind: Gateway

  hostnames:
    - whoami.localhost

  rules:
    - matches:
        - path:
            type: PathPrefix
            value: /

      backendRefs:
        - name: whoami
          namespace: default
          port: 80

全部部署完成后，向 HTTP 和 HTTPS 端点发送 GET 请求，应得到以下响应：

响应 
$ curl -I http://whoami.localhost

HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: https://whoami.localhost/
Date: Thu, 11 Jul 2024 15:11:31 GMT
Content-Length: 5

$ curl -k https://whoami.localhost

Hostname: whoami-697f8c6cbc-2krl7
IP: 127.0.0.1
IP: ::1
IP: 10.42.1.5
IP: fe80::60ed:22ff:fe10:3ced
RemoteAddr: 10.42.2.4:44682
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: whoami.localhost
User-Agent: curl/7.87.1-DEV
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip
X-Forwarded-For: 10.42.1.0
X-Forwarded-Host: whoami.localhost
X-Forwarded-Port: 443
X-Forwarded-Proto: https
X-Forwarded-Server: traefik-6b66d45748-ns8mt
X-Real-Ip: 10.42.1.0

将 Traefik 中间件用作 HTTPRoute 过滤器

HTTP 过滤器是 HTTPRoute 的组成部分，用于修改经过路由基础设施的 HTTP 请求与响应。

过滤器有三种类型：

  • 核心：每个 Gateway 控制器都必须支持的过滤器，例如 RequestHeaderModifier 和 RequestRedirect。
  • 扩展：Gateway 控制器可选择支持的过滤器，例如 ResponseHeaderModifier 和 RequestMirror。
  • ExtensionRef：Gateway 控制器额外提供的过滤器。在 Traefik 中，它们是通过 Middleware CRD 支持的 HTTP 中间件。

ExtensionRef 过滤器

将 Traefik 中间件用作 ExtensionRef 过滤器时，必须在静态配置中启用 Kubernetes CRD 提供者，详见文档。

例如，以下清单配置了使用 Traefik AddPrefix 中间件的 HTTPRoute， 可以通过已部署的 Gateway，使用 http://whoami.localhost 地址访问：

---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: HTTPRoute
metadata:
  name: whoami-http
  namespace: default
spec:
  parentRefs:
    - name: traefik
      sectionName: http
      kind: Gateway

  hostnames:
    - whoami.localhost

  rules:
    - backendRefs:
        - name: whoami
          namespace: default
          port: 80

      filters:
        - type: ExtensionRef
          extensionRef:
            group: traefik.io
            kind: Middleware
            name: add-prefix
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: add-prefix
  namespace: default
spec:
  addPrefix:
    prefix: /prefix
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: whoami
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: whoami

  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: whoami
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: whoami
          image: traefik/whoami

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: whoami
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    app: whoami
  ports:
    - port: 80

全部部署完成后，发送 GET 请求，应得到以下响应：

响应 
$ curl http://whoami.localhost

Hostname: whoami-697f8c6cbc-kw954
IP: 127.0.0.1
IP: ::1
IP: 10.42.2.6
IP: fe80::a460:ecff:feb6:3a56
RemoteAddr: 10.42.2.4:54758
GET /prefix/ HTTP/1.1
Host: whoami.localhost
User-Agent: curl/7.87.1-DEV
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip
X-Forwarded-For: 10.42.2.1
X-Forwarded-Host: whoami.localhost
X-Forwarded-Port: 80
X-Forwarded-Proto: http
X-Forwarded-Server: traefik-6b66d45748-ns8mt
X-Real-Ip: 10.42.2.1

后端级过滤器

除了路由级过滤器，Gateway API 还支持通过 backendRefs[].filters 字段，将过滤器直接应用到各个后端。 这样可以仅对特定后端应用请求修改，从而支持 HTTPRouteBackendRequestHeaderModification 扩展功能。

支持的过滤器类型

后端级过滤器支持与路由级过滤器相同的类型：

  • RequestHeaderModifier：转发给后端之前，添加、设置或移除 HTTP 请求头。
  • ResponseHeaderModifier：添加、设置或移除 HTTP 响应头。
  • RequestRedirect：将请求重定向到其他 URL。
  • URLRewrite：重写请求 URL 的路径和/或主机名。
  • ExtensionRef：引用 Traefik Middleware 资源。

中间件执行顺序

同时配置路由级与后端级过滤器时，先应用路由级过滤器，再应用后端级过滤器。

有关服务级中间件的更多信息，请参阅服务中间件。

在后端上使用 RequestHeaderModifier 
---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: HTTPRoute
metadata:
  name: whoami-http
  namespace: default
spec:
  parentRefs:
    - name: traefik
      sectionName: http
      kind: Gateway

  hostnames:
    - whoami.localhost

  rules:
    - matches:
        - path:
            type: PathPrefix
            value: /

      backendRefs:
        - name: whoami
          namespace: default
          port: 80
          filters:
            - type: RequestHeaderModifier
              requestHeaderModifier:
                set:
                  - name: X-Backend-Header
                    value: "backend-filter"
在后端上使用 ExtensionRef（Traefik 中间件） 
---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: HTTPRoute
metadata:
  name: whoami-http
  namespace: default
spec:
  parentRefs:
    - name: traefik
      sectionName: http
      kind: Gateway

  hostnames:
    - whoami.localhost

  rules:
    - backendRefs:
        - name: whoami
          namespace: default
          port: 80
          filters:
            - type: ExtensionRef
              extensionRef:
                group: traefik.io
                kind: Middleware
                name: add-prefix
---
apiVersion: traefik.io/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: add-prefix
  namespace: default
spec:
  addPrefix:
    prefix: /api

GRPC

GRPCRoute 是 Gateway API 规范的扩展资源，用于定义 GRPC 流量在 Kubernetes 集群内的路由方式。 它允许通过路由规则，将 GRPC 请求发送到适当的 Kubernetes 后端服务。

该资源和相关概念的详细信息，请参阅 Kubernetes Gateway API 文档。

例如，以下清单配置了 echo 后端及对应的 GRPCRoute， 可以通过已部署的 Gateway，使用 echo.localhost:80 地址访问。

---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: GRPCRoute
metadata:
  name: echo
  namespace: default
spec:
  parentRefs:
    - name: traefik
      sectionName: http
      kind: Gateway

  hostnames:
    - echo.localhost

  rules:
    - matches:
        - method:
            type: Exact
            service: grpc.reflection.v1alpha.ServerReflection

        - method:
            type: Exact
            service: gateway_api_conformance.echo_basic.grpcecho.GrpcEcho
            method: Echo

      backendRefs:
        - name: echo
          namespace: default
          port: 3000
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: echo
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: echo

  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: echo
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: echo-basic
          image: gcr.io/k8s-staging-gateway-api/echo-basic
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
            - name: GRPC_ECHO_SERVER
              value: "1"

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: echo
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    app: echo

  ports:
    - port: 3000

全部部署完成后，向 HTTP 端点发送 GRPC 请求，应得到以下响应：

响应 
$ grpcurl -plaintext echo.localhost:80 gateway_api_conformance.echo_basic.grpcecho.GrpcEcho/Echo

{
  "assertions": {
    "fullyQualifiedMethod": "/gateway_api_conformance.echo_basic.grpcecho.GrpcEcho/Echo",
    "headers": [
      {
        "key": "x-real-ip",
        "value": "10.42.2.0"
      },
      {
        "key": "x-forwarded-server",
        "value": "traefik-74b4cf85d8-nkqqf"
      },
      {
        "key": "x-forwarded-port",
        "value": "80"
      },
      {
        "key": "x-forwarded-for",
        "value": "10.42.2.0"
      },
      {
        "key": "grpc-accept-encoding",
        "value": "gzip"
      },
      {
        "key": "user-agent",
        "value": "grpcurl/1.9.1 grpc-go/1.61.0"
      },
      {
        "key": "content-type",
        "value": "application/grpc"
      },
      {
        "key": "x-forwarded-host",
        "value": "echo.localhost:80"
      },
      {
        "key": ":authority",
        "value": "echo.localhost:80"
      },
      {
        "key": "accept-encoding",
        "value": "gzip"
      },
      {
        "key": "x-forwarded-proto",
        "value": "http"
      }
    ],
    "authority": "echo.localhost:80",
    "context": {
      "namespace": "default",
      "pod": "echo-78f76675cf-9k7rf"
    }
  }
}

TCP

实验通道

下述 TCPRoute 资源目前仅在 Gateway API 规范的实验通道中提供。 使用该资源时，必须在 Traefik 部署中启用 experimentalChannel 配置选项。

TCPRoute 是 Gateway API 规范中的一种资源，用于定义 TCP 流量在 Kubernetes 集群内的路由方式。

该资源和相关概念的详细信息，请参阅 Kubernetes Gateway API 文档。

例如，以下清单配置了 whoami 后端及对应的 TCPRoute， 可以通过已部署的 Gateway，使用 localhost:3000 地址访问。

---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1alpha2
kind: TCPRoute
metadata:
  name: whoami-tcp
  namespace: default
spec:
  parentRefs:
    - name: traefik
      sectionName: tcp
      kind: Gateway

  rules:
     - backendRefs:
        - name: whoamitcp
          namespace: default
          port: 3000
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: whoamitcp
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: whoamitcp

  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: whoamitcp
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: whoami
          image: traefik/whoamitcp
          args:
            - --port=:3000

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: whoamitcp
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    app: whoamitcp
  ports:
    - port: 3000

全部部署完成后，发送 WHO 命令，应得到以下响应：

响应 
$ nc localhost 3000

WHO
Hostname: whoamitcp-85d644bfc-ktzv4
IP: 127.0.0.1
IP: ::1
IP: 10.42.1.4
IP: fe80::b89e:85ff:fec2:7d21

TLS

TLSRoute 是 Gateway API 规范中的一种资源，用于定义 TLS（传输层安全）流量在 Kubernetes 集群内的路由方式。 它根据传入连接的 SNI（服务器名称指示）指定 TLS 连接的路由规则，将连接发送到适当的后端服务。

该资源和相关概念的详细信息，请参阅 Kubernetes Gateway API 文档。

例如，以下清单配置了 whoami 后端及对应的 TLSRoute， 可以通过已部署的 Gateway，在安全连接中携带 whoami.localhost SNI，使用 localhost:3443 地址访问。

---
apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1alpha2
kind: TLSRoute
metadata:
  name: whoami-tls
  namespace: default
spec:
  parentRefs:
    - name: traefik
      sectionName: tls
      kind: Gateway

  hostnames:
    - whoami.localhost

  rules:
    - backendRefs:
        - name: whoamitcp
          namespace: default
          port: 3000

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: whoamitcp
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: whoamitcp

  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: whoamitcp
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: whoami
          image: traefik/whoamitcp
          args:
            - --port=:3000

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: whoamitcp
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    app: whoamitcp
  ports:
    - port: 3000

全部部署完成后，发送 WHO 命令，应得到以下响应：

响应 
$ openssl s_client -quiet -connect localhost:3443 -servername whoami.localhost
Connecting to ::1
depth=0 C=FR, L=Lyon, O=Traefik Labs, CN=Whoami
verify error:num=18:self-signed certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 C=FR, L=Lyon, O=Traefik Labs, CN=Whoami
verify return:1

WHO
Hostname: whoamitcp-85d644bfc-hnmdz
IP: 127.0.0.1
IP: ::1
IP: 10.42.2.4
IP: fe80::d873:20ff:fef5:be86

原生负载均衡

默认情况下，Traefik 直接将流量发送到 Pod IP，并为了性能复用已建立的后端连接。

可以覆盖此行为，将 Traefik 配置为向服务 IP 发送流量。 由 Kubernetes 服务自身将流量负载均衡到各个 Pod。 为后端 Service 设置 traefik.io/service.nativelb 注解即可实现。

默认情况下，NativeLB 为 false。

默认值

请注意，可以通过提供者级别的 nativeLBByDefault 选项覆盖默认值。 

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myservice
  namespace: default
  annotations:
    traefik.io/service.nativelb: "true"
spec:
  ports:
    - name: web
      port: 80

在生产环境使用 Traefik OSS？

如果你在工作中使用 Traefik，可以考虑为 Traefik OSS 增加企业级 API 网关能力或商业支持。

为 Traefik OSS 增加 API 网关能力快捷且平滑，无需推倒重来，现有配置也会完整保留。请通过这个简短视频了解实际效果。

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Traefik v3.7 中文快照 · 原文版权归 Traefik Labs 及贡献者所有 · MIT 许可证